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Evading Detection on the MMPI-2: Does Caution Produce More Realistic Patterns of Responding?

Donald J. Viglione

Danielle Mellin Wright

Nicole T. Dizon

Jayne E. Moynihan

Sheila DuPuis

Todd D. Pizitz

California School of Professional Psychology, San Diego and Alliant University

Studies on MMPI and MMPI-2 malingering indexes often sacrifice generalizability in an attempt to control internal validity. This study improves external validity while still maintaining internal validity by providing graduate student participants with a realistic context for malingering on the MMPI-2 (n = 94) and MMPI (n = 30). Contextual parameters include a realistic life predicament, psychological knowledge, an incentive, the presence versus absence of a specific diagnosis, and a caution to be realistic. This study found that cautioning participants not to overexaggerate their responses significantly improves their ability to evade detection on the MMPI-2 and MMPI. Standard malingering indexes (Infrequency, F; Back Side, F, Fb; F-Correction, F-K; and Infrequency-Psychopathology, F(p)) were insufficiently sensitive in identifying simulators using common cutoff scores for these cautious simulators.

Key Words: Malingering • MMPI-2 • response styles • caution • depression

Assessment, Vol. 8, No. 3, 237-250 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/107319110100800301
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