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Assessment, Vol. 12, No. 4, 429-444 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1073191105281099

WAIS Digit Span-Based Indicators of Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction

Classification Accuracy in Traumatic Brain Injury

Matthew T. Heinly

University of New Orleans & Jefferson Neurobehavioral Group

Kevin W. Greve

University of New Orleans & Jefferson Neurobehavioral Group

Kevin J. Bianchini

University of New Orleans & Jefferson Neurobehavioral Group

Jeffrey M. Love

University of New Orleans & Jefferson Neurobehavioral Group

Adrianne Brennan

Jefferson Neurobehavioral Group

The present study determined specificity and sensitivity to malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) for several Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit Span scores. TBI patients (n = 344) were categorized into one of five groups: no incentive, incentive only, suspect, probable MND, and definite MND. Performance of 1,063 nonincentive patients (e.g., cerebrovascular accident, memory disorder) was also examined. Digit Span scores included reliable digit span, maximum span forward both trials correct, maximum span forward, combined maximum forward and backward span, Digit Span scaled score, maximum span backward both trials correct, and maximum span backward. In TBI, sensitivity to MND ranged from 15% to greater than 30% at specificities of 92% to 98%. Patient groups with documented brain pathology had higher false-positive error rates. These results replicate previous known-groups malingering studies and provide valuable data supporting the WAIS Digit Span scores in detection and diagnosis of malingering.

Key Words: digit span • reliable digit span • malingering • response bias • traumatic brain injury • neuropsychological assessment


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K. W. Greve, S. Springer, K. J. Bianchini, F. W. Black, M. T. Heinly, J. M. Love, D. A. Swift, and M. A. Ciota
Malingering in Toxic Exposure: Classification Accuracy of Reliable Digit Span and WAIS-III Digit Span Scaled Scores
Assessment, March 1, 2007; 14(1): 12 - 21.
[Abstract] [PDF]