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Assessment
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Emotional Risk Factors and Postconcussional Disorder

Laeeq Evered

The Hume Center, Wright Institute

Ronald Ruff

San Francisco Clinical Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco

Juliana Baldo

Scripps College

Angelica Isomura

Brown University

Emotional risk factors were examined in 129 litigant and nonlitigant patients diagnosed with Postconcussional Disorder (PCD) following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI). According to Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) criteria, four subgroups emerged: (a) 14.7% met criteria for an Axis I disorder, (b) 24.8% for an Axis II disorder, (c) 24.0% for bout Axis I and II disorders, and (d) 36.4% fell below threshold for psychopathology. Thus, 63.5% endorsed emotional pathology. Of the four groups, those with both Axis I and II psychopathology presented the greatest number of emotional complaints in a clinical interview and manifested the lowest neurocognitive test scores. Motor skills, verbal abilities, memory functioning, and IQ were primarily affected. With the exception of post-morbid emotional complaints, no significant differences were identified between litigants and nonlitigants. Our analysis suggests that the combination of both Axis I and II psychopathology is associated with greater impairment following MTBI.

Key Words: mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) • postconcussional disorder (PCD) • emotional factors • forensic evaluation

Assessment, Vol. 10, No. 4, 420-427 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/1073191103259539
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