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Assessment, Vol. 10, No. 4, 382-392 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/1073191103259548

An MMPI-2 Scale to Detect Malingered Depression (Md Scale)

Jarrod S. Steffan

James R. Clopton

Robert D. Morgan

Texas Tech University

A specialized Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2) validity scale was constructed to detect individuals who are knowledgeable about either depression or MMPI-2 detection strategies and who subsequently attempt to malinger depressive symptoms on the MMPI-2. The Malingered Depression (Md) scale consists of 32 items that discriminated college students who feigned depression from those who were genuinely depressed. Further information about the incremental validity and the utility of the Md scale was obtained in a cross-validation study with additional college students who feigned depression and a sample of students with clinically significant depressive symptoms. The results indicate that the Md scale possesses promising value in detecting malingered symptoms of depression.

Key Words: MMPI-2 • malingering • depression • forensic evaluation • faking • test validity


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J. S. Steffan, D. G. Kroner, and R. D. Morgan
Effect of Symptom Information and Intelligence in Dissimulation: An Examination of Faking Response Styles by Inmates on the Basic Personality Inventory
Assessment, March 1, 2007; 14(1): 22 - 34.
[Abstract] [PDF]