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Malingered and Defensive Response Styles on the MMPI-2: An Examination of Validity Scales

R. Michael Bagby

University of Toronto

Richard Rogers

University of North Texas

Tom Buis

York University

Valery Kalemba

University of Toronto

The MMPI and more recently the MMPI-2 have been held to be the clinical standard for assessing both fake-good and fake-bad response styles. In a contrasted-groups design, we compared simulators under fake-good (n = 67) and fake-bad (n = 58) instructions to controls (n = 90) and psychiatric patients (n = 95) under standard instructions. For fake-good profiles, we found that F-K < -12 had a hit rate of 80.6% and was partly supported by earlier research (Austin, 1992). For fake-bad profiles, F > 89 and F-K > 7 were the optimum cutting scores with hit rates of 86.2% and 87.0%, respectively. Unfortunately, previous research fails to confirm these cutting scores and leading proponents of the MMPI-2 substantially disagree on what methods to employ. Therefore, we recommend in cases of suspected malingering that the MMPI-2 be used only for screening purposes.

Assessment, Vol. 1, No. 1, 31-38 (1994)
DOI: 10.1177/1073191194001001005
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